Identifier,999117,
Interviewee,Leo Martin,
Date,3/13/14,
Interviewer,Julie Gabb,
Abstract,"Leo Martin grew up in Glenville, living on Empire as well as e. 120th, until he moved after high school. He met his wife through friends at Glenville High School, and they have been married for 42 years. ",
Tags,"Glenville High School, politics, bussing, segregation",
Special Notes,,"Vocals maybe distorted during first 45 minutes of recording. He kept leaning back and forth, as well as talking loudly into the mic."
0,"Grew up on Empire, then moved to e. 120th off of St. Clair",
1,"Had an aorta dissection, likes to dance, pinneacle, and golf. Married for 42 years with Debra Martin. 3 children. ",
2,"Growing up in Glenville as a child, a ""village"". People would take care of you, you would take care of them. ""The schools were as good as we knew it.""",
3,"Went to Columbia Elementary. Remembered Kindergarten teacher, rag day sales, contests, tax stamp contests.",
4,"Teachers were strict, education was good back then but looking back it wasn't up to par. No intramurals, apart of Glee Club. Banker for Thursday banking.",
5,"Banking cont., projection club, perfect attendance",
6,"Gym teacher taught them how to dance, how to ask a girl out, manners. Learned the two-step, traditional dancing. ",
7,5th/6th grade classes were more involved with formal dancing and manners. 105th street - went to Empire.,
8,"Went to Empire in 7b, then moved to St. Clair, so then went to Patrick Henry. Harry Davis was for south Glenville.",
9,A and B explanation.  ,
10,A and B explanation.  ,
11,A and B explanation.  ,
12,"Ran track for Empire, moved to Patrick Henry (you took ownership of your neighborhood)",
13,"Adjusted to Patrick Henry ""swag"", ""stayed in trouble"", perfect attendance record broken by school boycott.",
14,"Schools being built in Cleveland, but designed to keep Blacks in the neighborhood. Civil rights movement.",
15,Patrick Henry -  very enjoyable time of his life. ,
16,"Paul Briggs - superintendent of Cleveland schools, East side would get hand-me-down textbooks from West side.",
17,"Most parents of Glenville children did not have high school education, tax dollars equal but not represented in the East side.",
18,"Glenville students could have had a superior education, but they made the best of it. Bussing.",
19,Part of Garfield Heights was in Cleveland school system because it was a minority school,
20,"Black politicians were afraid to stand up to it, but they did the best they could. Textbooks. ",
21,"Glenville students, as well as other blacks, did not get the same opportunities.",
22,"Bussing was good in theory, but executed poorly. Tax dollars wasted on bussing. ",
23,"White flight started occurring, ""Black kids going from the east side to west side. Black kids going to the west side to the east side.""",
24,"Once bussing program's flaws were exposed, it should have been fixed. Neighborhood schools should have been kept intact.",
25,"""When white people started taking their kids out of schools, black people started taking their kids out of the schools."" Leads to failing schools.",
26,"""Four walls don't make a school."" White flight. On Empire, as a little boy, primarily Blacks and Jews. ",
27,"By the time he was 8 years old, all Jewish people moved out (moved to the Heights). A group of white people is not called a ghetto, but a group of black people called a ghetto.",
28,Why did they move out? They moved in as renters. Glenville's beautiful streets.,
29,Neighborhood upkeep. Could not recall a rundown home back then. ,
30,Neighborhood safety as well as infrastructure such as parks. ,
31,"Neighborhood street clubs, contests of ""who had the prettiest street"", families took pride of homes.",
32,Neighborhood mothers' raised each other's children. Forest city. ,
33,No zoning issues as renters. Rented from blacks. Forest Hills park. ,
34,Forest Hills park (and pool).,
35,"Forest Hills park cont., high schools, YMCA",
36,"Forest Hills park cont., mostly played in his neighborhood in Empire.",
37,"Old Glenville high school in 10b & 10a, moved to new Glenville in 11a. Hardwood floors, not positive memories of old Glenville.",
38,"Glenville high school was ""neighborhood anchor"". ",
39,Appearance of Old and New Glenville High Schools. ,
40,New Glenville was more contemporary. JFK and New Glenville. Similar designs - just exact opposites. ,
41,"New Glenville had lockers built in the wall, bathrooms were clean, allowed the students to come with a ""fresh attitude"". Respect of property. ",
42,"Ran track, played football, wrestled for 2 years.",
43,"Track was big, football lost many times.",
44,"When you played sports for your neighborhood school, you had pride to play in sports to represent your neighborhood.",
45,Pride in neighborhood school.,
46,"High school rivalries - Glenville, East Tech; nieghborhood rivalries",
47,"Jr. High rivalriesm, Cleveland education",
48,"No stratification in Glenville in appearance, mostly in single and two family homes",
49,"Some streets were more well off than others, but mostly the same ",
50,Discrimination - none in Glenville,
51,Discrimination in Collinwood and Rockefeller Park,
52,"Euclid Beach incident - fights, Rockefeller  Park",
53,More discrimination from police,
54,University Circle,
55,"University Circle, Howard Johnson's,  biking",
56,"Biking in University Circle, Gender differences in discrimation",
57,"MLK coming to Glenville High, wrestling practice during his speech",
58,"MLK cont, ",
59,Education and lack of Black representation,
60,Black stereotypes on tv,
61,"Black stereotypes on tv cont., ",
62,"Teachers in Glenville - mostly white, Black teachers pushed them",
63,Guidance counselor in Glenville High,
64,"Guidance counselor cont.,",
65,"Guidance counselor cont., ",
66,"Guidance counselor cont., ",
67,"Guidance counselor cont., meeting his wife",
68,"Meeting his wife, his wife going to Catholic school",
69,"Meeting his wife, his wife going to Catholic school",
70,Glenville yearbooks/interviews,
71,Baptish church - alter serving,
72,Stop going to church at 14,
73,"Doesn't want to dress up for church at 14, his mom doesn't let him go",
74,Going to different churches - St. Al's,
75,"Doesn't go to church now, Rappey's candy storem, Perkels, Gooding's",
76,"Perkels cont., Joe's, Gold's, Scatter's",
77,"Restaurants in Glenville, Cafe Tia Juana, Barbershops",
78,"Gas stations, Jack's Poultry, grocery stores cont.",
79,"Grocery stores cont., bowling alley, post office",
80,"Woolworth's, funeral homes. (all of the above places were on 105th)",
81,Superior and 105th - grocery stores and shops,
82,"Superior and 105th cont., ",
83,"Geographics of Glenville, high schools near Glenville to stop Blacks from going to other schools",
84,"Audubon and Patrick Henry (similar to Glenville and Kennedy), ",
85,H&H green stamps/Eagle stamps,
86,"H&H green stamps/Eagle stamps cont., housewife duties - sewing and cooking",
87,"Housewives sewing for children, ",
88,Scatter's,
89,"Scatter's cont., Leo and Scatter's nephew seeing Scatter's murder",
90,Murder cont,
91,"Murder cont.,",
92,"Murder cont.,",
93,"Murder cont.,",
94,"Murder cont., Scatter's funeral",
95,Scatter's funeral,
96,Scatter's funeral and Mother's funeral,
97,"Cadillacs at the funeral, Scatter being famous",
98,Doesn't know much about Scatter - just nice to him when Leo was a child,
99,"Cafe Society and Cafe Tia Juana - his dad would go there to drink, only time to go in there to get your dad",
100,"Neighborhood bars, mothers and fathers would go there, drinking was a product of work racism",
101,"Parents faced with discrimination at work, only time to keep them sane was with alcohol",
102,"Parents faced with discrimination, mothers had to deal with working class fathers, ",
103,"Divorce - not as prevalent in black communities, next generation causing change in society",
104,"Discrimination in the law, civil rights",
105,"Segregated neighborhoods because of the law, racial profiling",
106,"Suburbs and white neighborhoods, Hough riots",
107,"Hough riots cont., anger needed an output",
108,"Riots in other cities, breaking point",
109,"Breaking point cont., living while the riots were happening",
110,"War zone at the time, short term damage, long term benefits",
111,"Do the Right Thing, more positive than negative",
112,Who's at fault,
113,"Glenville shootout - at that point, he was trying to stay out of trouble, realized he ""couldn't stop a bullet""",
114,"We only had civil wars in our home country, the riots were like a ""war"".",
115,"Trying to live at the time of the Hough riots, ",
116,"Working with white suburbanities now, people who are oblivious to inner city life",
117,Inner city stereotypes,
118,Stereotypes that people believe in,
119,Leo explaining why inner city neighborhoods are the way they are,
120,Leo's conversation with a white Westlake elderly woman,
121,"People lacking jobs, inequality of opportunities",
122,White flight,
123,Leo and his wife's situation moving to a white neighborhood,
124,"Homeowners versus absentee landlords, people who own homes invest in their homes' appearance",
125,"Education, politics, suburbs",
126,"Republicans, healthcare, women inequality",
127,"Racism in the South, black inequality in the court system",
128,"Court system cont., changing the ""rules"" in the whites' favor",
129,"Suburbs, other interviews",
130,"Riots, homeowners during the riots",
131,"No riots in suburbs, ""go one step back, two steps forward""",
132,"Gold Coast - in his opinion, in the West side as well as on Euclid",
133,"Gold Coast, where did the residental Gold Coast go? Heights.",
134,"Schools i.e. Western Reserve and Case, cars and power mowers - sign of wealth",
135,"Lawn mower cont., BBQ, whites stealing BBQ",
136,"""Cookouts"", not many chains that go across racial lines, Tony Romas - where blacks and whites go to",
137,"Success between blacks and whites, Glenville examples",
138,Glenville alumni still succeeding even after a limited education,
139,"Race as a way of showing power, treating other races as animals and nonhuman",
140,"Blacks succeeding, sports",
141,"Technical fouls, fouls during warmups (in basketball), paint on the floors, 3 pt line",
142,"Standing up at the bench, various penalties in other sports",
143,"Football, changing the rules when blacks start succeeding",
144,"Working for the county now, END",