Abstract
Former Shaker Heights Planning Commission member, City Council Member and Mayor, Judy Rawson talks about redevelopment in Shaker Heights. She discusses the problems faced, the achievements, and the issues that still linger. She explains how the community gets involved with politics and what kind of impact that has on the outcome of public policy. She talks briefly about her work in reorganzing county government after her terms as mayor in Shaker Heights ended in 2007.
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Interviewee
Rawson, Judy (interviewee)
Interviewer
Smith, Kelsey (interviewer)
Project
Shaker Heights Centennial
Date
6-21-2012
Document Type
Oral History
Duration
41 minutes
Recommended Citation
"Judy Rawson Interview, 21 June 2012" (2012). Cleveland Regional Oral History Collection. Interview 915002.
https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/crohc000/496
Transcript
Kelsey Smith [00:00:00] Can you say your name so I can adjust?
Judy Rawson [00:00:02] Judy Rawson.
Kelsey Smith [00:00:06] And today is June 21, 2012. Okay, so we’re just going to start out with some basic questions about you. So where were you born?
Judy Rawson [00:00:17] I was born in Boston, and then when I entered sixth grade, I moved to St. Louis and then I met my husband in Washington, D.C. He had grown up in Shaker, so we came to Shaker in 1973. We got married and came to Shaker.
Kelsey Smith [00:00:35] So where did you go to school?
Judy Rawson [00:00:38] Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts. And then I went to law school here at Case Western Reserve University.
Kelsey Smith [00:00:48] And what did you do once you graduated law school?
Judy Rawson [00:00:50] I practiced law, first with a firm that focused on municipal law. And then when our first child was born, I shifted to the City of Cleveland in the law department. And I stayed there six or seven years. And by that time I was. And then I took a few years off and then I ran for Shaker city council in 19, I don’t know, 91.
Kelsey Smith [00:01:20] So what made you want to be on Shaker City Council?
Judy Rawson [00:01:23] I was asked to run. I didn’t think I knew anything about politics, even though I had majored in political science. But I had been a citizen member of the Shaker Planning Commission. And I loved the public policy issues that came up. So a friend said, oh, I know about politics. I’ll run your campaign. So we were off and running.
Kelsey Smith [00:01:47] What kinds of things did you do on the planning commission that you loved so much?
Judy Rawson [00:01:52] Oh, well, that was– That was in the mid-’80s and we were just beginning to think about Shaker Town Center and the need to reimagine it. And so we got– The city bought all the stores on the south side and we looked for a developer. And so I was involved in picking the developer, approving the plan. So it was long-term strategic planning stuff.
Kelsey Smith [00:02:26] And what was your goal, your long-term goal for that?
Judy Rawson [00:02:29] For that project? Well, we had– It was very clear that the housing values around Shaker Town Center were declining because the town center was no longer– It just didn’t work. It was not vibrant. It didn’t cohere as a single entity. It was lots of individual stores. So we hoped to strengthen that as an anchor on this whole southwestern part of Shaker and that that would inspire new investment in the surrounding neighborhoods, which in fact, is what happened.
Kelsey Smith [00:03:09] So once you were on City Council, what kinds of things were you dealing with then?
Judy Rawson [00:03:14] Well, in City council, I think I rotated through all the committees, so I dealt with everything. And I was on City Council for eight years and I served on public works. And I got to know all about the sewers and the street plowing and the dying elm trees and the Finance Committee. So I could see that our budget was not really sustainable. It had a structural imbalance, and I don’t think there was. And I chaired for maybe four years the Housing Committee. I was known, the housing was my issue. The need to reinvest and the need to make all the housing at every price point competitive.
Kelsey Smith [00:04:06] Do you want to talk a little bit about that?
Judy Rawson [00:04:08] Yeah. At that point, we were quite focused on the two family homes. Because when Shaker was established, the Van Sweringens did a magnificent architectural job. But unfortunately, they put all the smaller two-family homes in one neighborhood. And their theory was that that was where everyone would live who was working in the big mansions. Then the–
Kelsey Smith [00:04:37] Which neighborhood is that?
Judy Rawson [00:04:39] It’s– Well, it’s parts of Lomond and Moreland and Ludlow and then– And Winslow Road is part of that. Winslow is our only street with master homes. They’re all two-families, and they’re designed to look like single-families. So you drive down Winslow, it is a gorgeous street. In the ’50s through the ’70s, young professionals moving to Cleveland tended to buy those two families, live in one half, rent out the other half. So they had another source of income that made a lot of sense. But as starting salaries for doctors and lawyers increased, they were able to buy single-family homes. So they were jumping over the two-families, and that there was not as strong a market for two-families. So we were– And a lot of two-families were actually three-families because the attic was configured to accommodate yet another family. And that made the neighborhood very dense. And it meant three families worrying about this one structure. The maintenance wasn’t quite as consistent. So we had a whole bunch of programs to try to bring back the two-families to realize their potential, from master landscaping plans to landscaping workshops, to, much stricter inspection. And I think we may have started some incentive grants for people who were willing to modernize, particularly kitchens and baths, although that may have come later. But anyway, we did all of that to try to bring two-families back.
Kelsey Smith [00:06:34] And then, I understand you were mayor?
Judy Rawson [00:06:36] I was mayor. So after two terms on City Council, I ran for mayor. And I served two terms as mayor from 2000 through the end of 2007. And I loved that job. So at that point, it seemed clear to me that Shaker needed to reimagine itself in order to make sure it was still attractive to new residents and competitive. But also we needed to diversify the tax base. You cannot make it in today’s world if all you have is a residential community and we have two tiny little commercial areas. And it wasn’t enough. So while I was on council, we started a strategic investment plan with some fabulous consultants who really understand planned cities such as Shaker Heights. And I think their report is still on the city website. And it’s beautifully written. It’s illustrated. Anybody interested in the history of Shaker really ought to read that report. It’s very inspiring. So we– And we had over 500 people who were actively involved in developing the strategic investment plan. And one of the questions was, what are the areas that work and what are the areas that don’t work? And two of the areas that the residents unanimously felt did not work were Shaker Town Center and the Warrensville–Van Aken intersection. And the consultant stood up in front of a capacity crowd, and he was showing a slideshow, eloquently talking about Shaker and how beautifully it’s planned. And then he puts up a slide looking across the intersection with all the RTA wires and the tracks. And he said, you know, we consult all over the country. We think this may be the ugliest place we’ve ever seen. And the place just collapsed. Everybody agreed. Well, in fact, those are also the areas that work economically and needed a lot of work. So we approved the strategic investment plan in 2000. The summer of 2000, I had just taken office, and then I spent eight years implementing that. And then we had a number of other plans building on it. So we had an economic development plan. We had a recreation plan, which led to bike paths and Thornton park and. And redoing, completely redoing Horseshoe Lake Park. And we then had a housing preservation plan, and all of those related back to the strategic investment plan. And at each plan, we got residents involved again. And it was actually thrilling to work on it. The community came together. Everybody shares the same values. They all want the same thing for this city, regardless of their economic status or how long they’ve lived here. It was really a wonderful process. And because we spent so much time with the public, the public was completely invested in the final recommendations. And if a neighborhood said, oh, no, this would destroy our neighborhood, we would adjust it. Or we would say, well, maybe that’s not such a good idea. So we were talking about some senior bungalows in Moreland, which the Moreland community loved. It would involve buying some houses and taking them down and putting up small, empty-nester senior bungalows. Most times you would expect to get some opposition to that kind of a change. The residents loved it. We have not implemented that yet, but it’s still a good idea, and maybe someday it’ll happen.
Kelsey Smith [00:10:50] It’s interesting that you should say. I was going to ask you about community involvement.
Judy Rawson [00:10:54] Oh, it was enormous. The most moving quote at the end of all this. I mean, we had people from every neighborhood coming to meetings, looking at the plans, drawing on them, saying, here’s a better idea. And at the end of them, one woman who lived, I think, in Lomond said, “All my life, I have felt I lived on the wrong side of the tracks. And as I look at this plan, I don’t feel that way anymore, because this plan heals the community. It knits it together, and every neighborhood relates to every other neighborhood.” And that was wonderful to hear.
Kelsey Smith [00:11:39] I’ve noticed that there seems to be that kind of neighborhood division in some ways. Like people, when they’re from Shaker Heights, they identify with a certain.
Judy Rawson [00:11:48] Yeah, I wouldn’t call it a division. I would. Their primary identification is clearly with their neighborhood, and that is based on. There used to be an elementary school for every neighborhood. There aren’t any more. But the city still treats each of the nine neighborhoods as its own entity. They have their own leadership. They’ve got block parties and parties. And one of the things I tried to work on is to convey the message, Shaker is my neighborhood. So is Fernway, so is Ludlow. But Shaker is also your neighborhood. And that’s what this strategic investment plan was all about.
Kelsey Smith [00:12:37] Is there anything else about the strategic plan? I don’t know the specifics that you want–?
Judy Rawson [00:12:42] Well, jumping ahead to looking back, by the end of my term, during, well, during five years from 2002 through 2007, there had been $83 million reinvested in Shaker Heights housing, the retail area. It was public-private. But as I recall, there was more private reinvestment than public. And that $83 million of reinvestment was projected to yield 145 million new dollars annually in property taxes. So it was a huge transition for this community. And we did it because we thought the state was likely to start cutting financial assistance to local communities. We had done enough through that investment and also attracting University Hospitals to the old Office Max building with over 900 employees. They were going to– They were going to– Then I don’t know what the actual figures are, but they were projected to bring in over 800,000 additional dollars annually in income taxes. So you put those things together, and we were on a much more stable financial base. Unfortunately, the state government has just devastated state assistance to local communities. So it’s a whole new ballgame. But all of this was done to make sure that Shaker was able to stand on its own two feet and it worked. Plus, people loved their neighborhood. When I was mayor, because I still cared about housing, we made incentive grants to somebody to fix up the exterior of their house, modernize, I mean, upgrade the landscaping, take down the overgrown yew bushes. This is not expensive stuff. Repair the porch railing, paint the house. And what was amazing is that the street would watch this work being done on the one house that used to sort of be an eyesore. And pretty soon they were all– And they could see how much better it looked. And the planning staff would give them a paint, paint guidance, a paint palette, and we would actually. They used, I can’t remember, we would subsidize the paint. And when they saw these houses painted properly in Shaker historic colors, they were all out doing their own house. So it had a wonderful rolling effect.
Kelsey Smith [00:15:40] It’s very neat how historically minded Shaker has been. Where do you think that comes from?
Judy Rawson [00:15:49] Well, I think Shaker is very aware of what a distinctive community it is. It is one of the most beautiful planned garden communities in the country. We always knew that. And these consultants came in, they said, we are so thrilled to be working in Shaker Heights. This is the city we studied in planning school. But then it was all, you know, it had some aspects of its history that we were less proud of, such as being incredibly exclusive and not welcoming Jews or Blacks or any other minority. When Shaker began to integrate, there were a couple of residents who stood up and said, we’re not going to let this lead to white flight. And you’ll interview people about that. It’s a really inspiring story. So Shaker went from being one of the most exclusive, isolated communities to an incredibly inclusive community. And we still work at that. Every resident regardless – almost every – regardless of race or income status are proud of that. And they’re working at it to make sure that we maintain that tradition. So you put those two things together and we’ve got an amazing history. Having dealt with integration in such a thoughtful, constructive way. Then when other issues developed, like urban sprawl, the residents expected the political leaders to take a stand, do something about it, think long term. That’s really unusual. Most communities do not reward their political leaders for long term thinking. And so you layer all those challenges on top of each other. And we’ve met them all pretty magnificently. I think people are proud of the history, but they’re not stuck in the past. At the beginning of my term, frankly, they were stuck in the past. And we tried to do one housing change now called South Park Row. It is absolutely gorgeous. And we told the developer what the residents want is they want empty-nester housing designed to look like huge Shaker mansions. But in fact there are four condos in each of them. And there was huge opposition to that because the neighbors thought it was going to bring down property values in their neighborhood because they thought new construction was always mediocre. And they took it to a referendum in my second year of office. So I had to drop everything and spend a year fighting this referendum and having a community conversation. And by the end of it, we beat them three to one. And the community then had spent a year thinking about where are we going and how are we going to be competitive to the fastest growing demographic group, which is the empty nesters. And they were ready to go.
Kelsey Smith [00:19:22] So now, after being mayor, where did you go from there?
Judy Rawson [00:19:30] After being mayor, I took a year off just to catch my breath because that is a 24/7 job. And then I joined with a couple of trusted colleagues to try to achieve county government reform. When I was mayor, there were four mayors who had tried to get everybody thinking a little more regionally. And three of us got involved and we had gone and asked the county commissioners for help on one thing or another and had been appalled at the lack of long term thinking. And so we decided, all right, let’s try to reform it, because you need a single executive if you’re going to get in anything bold done three heads of anything can’t exercise true leadership in our opinion. But when we started, I think most people laughed at us. And then the corruption details started coming out and by the end, people were so ready to try something different that that passed overwhelmingly. But that was a. We raised a million dollars. It was a very intense campaign. And then on the county level, we were trying to bring all the groups together, regardless of race or income or where they lived, to think about where are we going as a county? And then beyond that, where are we going as Northeast Ohio? And it was exciting to try to achieve that.
Kelsey Smith [00:21:18] How much success have you had?
Judy Rawson [00:21:20] Well, it passed. And I am very impressed by what the new county leaders have done so far. They haven’t tackled the tough issues yet, but assuming they do, I feel great about it.
Kelsey Smith [00:21:39] Which issues are the tough ones?
Judy Rawson [00:21:41] The tough ones are figuring out how to think as a region about economic development and how to make strategic Investments and then somehow share the benefits of a successful strategic investment. So the empty land is only in a couple of cities. It’s certainly not in Jagger Heights. But we need Euclid and Cleveland, the parts of Cleveland that have been decimated by the foreclosure crisis. We need massive reinvestment in them because it will strengthen the communities that are around them. And we do not have a mechanism for making those decisions, for giving political cover to the political leaders who say, no, we’re not going to share this money with absolutely everyone. We’re going to target something that’s going to make a difference, and then we don’t have a method of sharing the upside. And without that, no mayor is going to agree.
Kelsey Smith [00:22:50] Do you think Shaker can serve as kind of an example of–
Judy Rawson [00:22:53] Shaker always has. And Steve Alfred– Walt Kelly was the mayor maybe in the ’50s. He was the one who formed a lot of the regional organizations, such as the RTA, and he gave the Shaker Rapid to RTA to be managed. I think he was involved in forming the regional sewer district. Shaker for what? Because it has is home to so many civic leaders. Shaker instinctively thinks about the good of the whole. And when I was mayor, a couple of residents would say, why are you talking about this stuff? Just take care of Shaker. And I would say, because unless we tackle the regional challenges, we’re going to be weaker. And residents got that.
Kelsey Smith [00:23:49] Something you don’t hear about.
Judy Rawson [00:23:51] No, you don’t. And the residents get the credit. The residents allow Shaker leaders to be courageous. And as I listened to other mayors, it was clear to me they weren’t getting that kind of support from their residents.
Kelsey Smith [00:24:07] So what is it like for you to live in Shaker besides, you know, the political side, but just everyday life living, you know, how does this compare to places you’ve lived before?
Judy Rawson [00:24:17] I love Shaker Heights. I think it is a real community. I think people talk about issues that matter. You don’t go to a party here and talk about your golf game. You’re talking about some public policy issue. And people assume they’re going to like each other because in order to move into Shaker, they had to think about their values. And therefore, we all basically share values. The other thing I like is having had this much history with the community. We’ve all watched each other grow up. And so even though our two boys are on the West Coast, I would never leave this community. These are the people who know me, and we share history and get right into interesting topics when we’re together. And the one thing I think Shaker needs to do is to be even more livable, even more pedestrian friendly. We made a start, you know, with the bicycle path, which was probably the single easiest and most popular thing I did as mayor. But now we need to link the rest of the neighborhoods with bike paths, probably in the street, occasionally off road. That takes money. We don’t have money right now. But if you could do that so that people could walk or bike to their daily errands, it would be the absolutely perfect place.
Kelsey Smith [00:25:52] Where all does the bike path that you had put in go? Where all?
Judy Rawson [00:25:56] Well, the bike path goes from Warrensville out to the border of Beachwood, and then Beachwood has its bike path. And then Pepper Pike put in a short bike path. So that part is wonderful. Then we put another leg in that goes down South Park, sort of on the south side of Horseshoe Lake Park. And then you can go across the bridge and link up to the Cleveland Heights bike path. The current project, and we’re just missing funding for one last piece, is to link that whole bike path to the Cleveland bike path that is now going down Martin Luther King hill. Because then you’re onto the bike path through MLK, through the park, right down to Lake Erie, along Lake Erie and get down to the river. Once you’re at the river, you can– And the Towpath Trail is completed, you can get a long way south that way. So we’re away, not far from a very exciting metropolitan bike path. And then if we can do some north-south routes to link to make it a little easier for the other neighborhoods in Shaker to access this, it would be great.
Kelsey Smith [00:27:24] So do you want to talk about your house a little bit then?
Judy Rawson [00:27:26] Oh. So housing has been my passion, and everybody. Most people in Shaker, you don’t have to scratch too deep to find they love their house. Their house is almost like another member of the family. The great irony here is that when Bob and I bought our house, after we bought it, the sellers gave us all these elaborate drawings and plans. And we were looking at them, and I saw the name of the law firm. I mean, the architectural firm that had designed the house, which was my grandfather’s law firm, that architectural firm, and his initials were on the plans he had done. He must have been a very young architect. He had done the newel posts going up the front stairs. But he ended up being– His partner was Abram Garfield, and it was Garfield Harris, who was my grandfather Robinson and somebody else. And that is the architectural firm that is now the. It split into the Van Dijk architectural firm and the Westlake firm. So that was very cool history. Yeah.
Kelsey Smith [00:28:49] Originally, who had the house built? Was it a Van Sweringen project? or was it?
Judy Rawson [00:28:53] No, it wasn’t. The Ford family built it. And David– The four brothers are still very active in the Cleveland civic life. David Ford is, I think, still a trustee of Case, and they– This house was built when University School was under construction. There were almost no houses in the neighborhood. And the boys remember growing up, I mean, the men remember as boys, that they grew up playing in the basements of all these new houses that were going up.
Kelsey Smith [00:29:31] Where is your house?
Judy Rawson [00:29:32] Our house is across from first base at University School on Brantley Road.
Kelsey Smith [00:29:40] Do you know anything else about its history, or is that about it?
Judy Rawson [00:29:43] Well, there have been three owners. The Fords lived there for a long time. They sold it to the Comps. He was an executive with maybe one of the downtown retail stores. And then we bought it from them. And we thought the Comps had lived in it forever, and we’ve now lived in it longer.
Kelsey Smith [00:30:06] What is it about housing that has piqued your interest so much?
Judy Rawson [00:30:10] Well, I think that. I think it is the lifeblood of Shaker. It’s also our housing is unusually beautiful and very well built. So if you want more house for your money and you don’t mind hollow doors, you go further out. If you want the great old woodwork and the craftsman detail, there aren’t many places to look, and Shaker is one of them. So that’s what probably what caught my interest. It also, if we don’t figure out housing in this community, we will not be successful. So it’s a practical issue. But our older son, who’s now 33, lived in Washington, D.C., for a while, and at one point he said, you know, I am just ruined. I grew up in Shaker Heights and I have this standard for what a house should look like, and I can’t possibly afford it in Washington, D.C., or any other city. So that was good to hear.
Kelsey Smith [00:31:27] I guess, is there anything else that you would like to talk about as far as anything in Shaker, if there’s anything?
Judy Rawson [00:31:38] Well, I think– I think that the ideal future– So the Centennial is all about recognizing our past, but building on towards an even stronger future. So as we talk about our future, I think our challenge is to make sure that every aspect of living in Shaker is a quality experience, from housing to Thornton Park. We put millions into Thornton park to modernize it and make it attractive for families, to allowing families to live outside of the car and take advantage of the whole neighborhood where we haven’t done so well yet is strengthening the commercial neighborhoods. I mean, the market is right now terrible for retail and reinvestment. But my goal would be to have a little small collection of stores in every neighborhood that serve daily needs so that people could walk for their errands. They don’t have to keep climbing in the car. Fairmount Circle is a perfect example of that. So is the little Century Building, the landmark building on Warrensville, where Pistone restaurant is located. That was a rundown wreck of a building. And Jan Devereaux, as a member of City Council, who was really into historic preservation, worked with the owner over a lot of months to reinvest in that building. And Joan Pistone came in, and that is now one of the destinations of multiple neighborhoods. The next challenge is taking the Warrensville–Van Aken larger circle and first fixing the roads and there’s money, and the construction will start on that very soon. But then attracting the kind of redevelopment and architecture and street layout that is going to make it a beloved destination. And we all know where those places are that we love. But we could have our own Tremont or Ohio City or Georgetown right here in Shaker Heights, because you’ve got all those University Hospital employees right across the intersection. It borders three golf courses. So you get up high in that intersection, such as right now from the roof of Tower East, and in four directions it’s gorgeous in green space. Well, we’re not taking advantage of those assets. So that’s the dream. That’s where we need to go. And then Shaker Square. I should talk about Shaker Square. I am so thrilled by the resurgence. Now it’s in Cleveland, but everyone thinks it’s in Shaker, so we take a lot of responsibility for it. And when it was first sold– No, when the owner, I guess, must have declared bankruptcy and gave it back to the bank, the neighbors in Cleveland and Shaker, so on all four sides, were very worried they were going to ruin it and turn it into a strip mall. And I was mayor at the time, so I remember meeting with about 12 people, residents and neighborhood organizers from Cleveland, and we all met courtesy of Doug Katz at Fire and talked about what are our goals for this, for Shaker Square. And so I summarized it and made a list. And then the new owner, who I think at that point was Randy Rutenberg and Adam Fishman. And they were maybe they hadn’t yet bought it. So a poor guy from KeyBank was managing this whole process, figuring out to whom they should sell it, and that we called a meeting in one of the movie theaters at Shaker Square for Saturday morning, Valentine’s Day. I figured no one’s going to come. It was packed. People were sitting on the stairs, going up the aisles. And it was the largest theater at the movie theater. And the hostility in the room, you could cut. So I stood up and I said, we’ve listened to you, and we think. We think these are your goals for what you want this to be. Let me read them to you, and you can tell us whether that’s right. So I read whatever the list was of about 10 or 11 goals, and there was applause, and everybody just calmed down. And then we started figuring out. And the bank representative heard all this, so he knew what he had to do in choosing a new owner. And then we all got together, working for success. And it has not been easy, but it’s now it’s a. I think it’s a huge success, at least as a food destination.
Kelsey Smith [00:37:26] Do you remember any of the kind of community goals that you?
Judy Rawson [00:37:31] Well, I think it was what I’ve been talking about. It needs to be pedestrian scale, livable, that we still wanted the center to be open to the public, and it needed to serve all the neighborhoods around it, some of which are very wealthy and some of which are very poor. And they had to achieve all of that and knit the neighborhoods together. And I think we probably talked about, we don’t want chains. We want distinctive kinds of stores. And for the most part, they’ve achieved that.
Kelsey Smith [00:38:13] So where are you today as far as your involvement in Shaker?
Judy Rawson [00:38:18] Well, I am a great fan of the really hard work that the current mayor is doing just to try to bring the financial situation under control and delighted that he’s doing it. And it is not my job to do, but I’ve shifted to photography because I worked really, starting as a member of council, I was one of the founders of the First Ring Suburbs Consortium, and we were fighting urban sprawl, and we didn’t have much success, frankly, although we got the message out there. So I have learned from that, from 12 years of working on that, that words really don’t do it. So I’m now thinking I’d like to shift to visual images to make the point the cities are wonderful, vibrant, interesting places and that we ought to take care of what we have in this country. We all love to go to Paris. There are a few cities in this country that we all love, but most of the cities are not receiving the kind of respect and attention and reinvestment that they need. So I would like to take photographs of Cleveland and other cities to remind people of what we’ve got. And we’ll see. We’ll see if I figure that out. It’s not an easy task, but I have discovered I love photography, so it’s a great new chapter.
Kelsey Smith [00:40:05] Thank you very much.
Judy Rawson [00:40:06] You’re very welcome. I would say the two aspects of city government that have kept Shaker as strong as it is are the Architectural Board of Review– Well, let’s just start with that. It drives residents crazy. You can’t build anything in Shaker without getting approval from the Architectural Board of Review and usually also by the Planning Commission. But as a result, everything is done well. And we’ve. On the Architectural Board of Review, we have admired architects who serve for not much money just to keep Shaker at the quality level that we insist on. The other thing is that we, thanks to the Shaker Nature Center, we have people who are passionate about trees and green space and protecting the balance of green space and the built community in Shaker. And that’s why you don’t see many areas given over to asphalt here.
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