A Multi-criteria Approach to Appropriate Treatment Technology Selection for Water Reclamation

Document Type

Contribution to Books

Publication Date

2023

Publication Title

Waste Treatment in the Biotechnology, Agricultural and Food Industries, Vol. 2

Abstract

Pollution prevention and experience from past applications play a determining role in the selection of wastewater treatment technologies (WWTTs). Using 14 reuse purposes and a combination of 360 WWTTs, this chapter aims to put forth all possible WWTT options appropriate for satisfying the prescribed quality criteria of reuses. Four decision criteria: energy, land, O&M, and capital cost are combined in this multi-criteria problem to arrive at a single-point solution. For weightage calculation, the full consistency method (FUCOM) is used, and for reflecting decision criteria significance in the selection, the weighted sum method is used. Therefore, a least-weighted cost method is developed for the selection of appropriate WWTTs. A membrane bioreactor followed by the Wuhrmann process (WP) is obtained to be the most appropriate WWTT for industrial cooling in Kanpur City. Anaerobic anoxic oxic (A2O) followed by ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) is obtained as the most appropriate for the production of effluent qualifying quality criteria for non-potable domestic reuse. BIOFOR-F (high-rate activated sludge-based biological filtration and oxygenated reactor) is obtained as the most appropriate for installation in Varanasi City for both washing purposes in railway stations and e-flow augmentation. Wuhrmann process followed by microfiltration (MF) and RO is obtained for supplementation of ASP-based sewage treatment plant (STP) for e-flow augmentation in Varanasi City. It is observed that advanced oxidation technologies have better performance and lesser resource requirements.

DOI

10.1007/978-3-031-44768-6_4

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