Treatment of Hazardous Sludge from Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants
Document Type
Contribution to Books
Publication Date
2024
Publication Title
Industrial Waste Engineering
Abstract
Sludge is known as a by-product of water and wastewater treatment, and the production of sludge is increasing every year and has become a critical problem to the industry, especially for its handling and storage. Moreover, hazardous elements trapped inside the sludge, such as heavy metal and high organic matter, have made this by-product restricted to be disposed directly into the environment, soil, or landfill. High disposal costs and limited space to store the sludge have driven several researchers to start exploring and creating innovation toward its alternative management. Based on the review, sludge has good potential to be recycled and reused as a new product, such as an additive of concrete mixture and plant fertiliser. However, the unwanted elements inside the sludge have reduced its potential for commercialisation. Therefore, in this chapter, the production, characteristics, and conversational and advanced sludge treatment will be discussed in detail, including the summary of data obtained from previous research works on the related issues.
Recommended Citation
Zakaria, Siti Nor Farhana; Aziz, Hamidi Abdul; Hung, Yung-Tse; Wang, Mu-Hao Sung; and Wang, Lawrence K., "Treatment of Hazardous Sludge from Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants" (2024). Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications. 511.
https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/encee_facpub/511
DOI
10.1007/978-3-031-46747-9_1
