Date of Award

2009

Degree Type

Dissertation

Department

Chemical and Biomedical Engineering

First Advisor

Midura, Ronald

Subject Headings

Bone regeneration, Tissue engineering, Tissue scaffolds, Connective tissue cells, Bone tissue engineering scaffold BMSCs

Abstract

Cortical bone tissue engineering provides a promising approach to generate graft materials needed to treat the large sized bone defects. The underling premise of tissue engineering is to mimic the in vivo microenvironment as best as possible in vitro culture system. To select an appropriate scaffold material used in this model system, mechanical and hydraulic permeability properties of 316L porous stainless steel and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were studied, as well as their biocompatibility in short and long term cell culture. Results showed that scaffolds made of both stainless steel and PMMA: (1) could be manufactured to have similar permeability as that cortical bone, (2) exhibited biocompatibility in short term cell culture and that as the ultimate tensile strength was concerned, the scaffold made of stainless steel was similar to cortical bone while not PMMA and that as the elastic modulus was concerned, neither scaffolds made of stainless steel or PMMA was similar to cortical bone. To establish an optimal culture condition and select an appropriate cell source, the influence of an artificial osteoid layer made from type I collagen and fibronectin on the osteogenesis of bone marrow and periosteum cells were studied. Results showed that more extracellular matrix and calcium minerals were deposited in cultures on the artifical osteoid layer than on conventional 2D plastic and that polarity of cell density distribution occurred in cultures on the artifical osteoid layer while not on 2D plastic and that there was no significant difference of the osteogenesis between the cultures of bone marrow cells and periosteum cells

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