Quantitative Measurement of the Solvent Accessibility of Histidine Imidazole Groups in Proteins

Authors

Vennela Mullangi, Case Western Reserve University
Xiang Zhou, Cleveland State University
David W. Ball, Cleveland State UniversityFollow
David J. Anderson, Cleveland State UniversityFollow
Masaru Miyagi, Case Western Reserve UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2012

Publication Title

Biochemistry

Abstract

We report a method for expressing the solvent accessibility of histidine imidazole groups in proteins. The method is based on measuring the rate of the hydrogen exchange (HX) reaction of the imidazole C^ε1-hydrogen. The rate profile of the HX reaction as a function of pH gives a sigmoidal curve, which reaches the maximal rate constant (k^max) on the alkaline side of the sigmoidal curve. To quantitatively describe the solvent accessibility of imidazole groups in proteins, it is necessary to compare the k^max of the imidazole groups with their intrinsic k^max (ⁱk^max), the maximal rate constants for the given imidazole groups when they are fully exposed to the bulk solvent. However, the mechanism of the HX reaction suggests that the ⁱk^max of an imidazole group differs depending on its pK_a, and no systematic study has been conducted to clarify how the ⁱk^max is affected by pK_a. We therefore investigated the relationship between ⁱk^max and pK_a using four imidazole derivatives at three different temperatures. The experimentally determined pK_a-specific ⁱk^max values allowed us to derive a general formula to estimate the ⁱk^max value of any given imidazole group exhibiting a specific pK_a at a specific temperature. Using the formula, the protection factors (PF), the ratio of ⁱk^max to k^max, of five imidazole groups in dihydrofolate reductase were obtained and used to express the magnitude of their solvent accessibility. In this definition, the smaller the PF value, the higher the solvent accessibility, and a value of 1 indicates full exposure to the bulk solvent. The solvent accessibility expressed by the PF values agreed well with the solvent accessible surface areas obtained from the X-ray diffraction data.

Comments

This study was supported by National Institutes of Health
Grant P30EY-11373 (Visual Sciences Research Center of Case
Western Reserve University) and funds from Case Western
Reserve University and the Cleveland Foundation.

Recommended Citation

Mullangi, V.; Zhou, X.; Ball, D. W.; Anderson, D. J.; Miyagi, M. Quantitative Measurement of the Solvent Accessibility of Histidine Imidazole Groups in Proteins. Biochemistry (N. Y. ) 2012, 51, 7202-7208.

DOI

10.1021/bi300911d

Volume

51

Issue

36