Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2-1-2015
Publication Title
Journal of Cardiac Failure
Abstract
Background: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been linked to increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to determine the prognostic value of TMAO and its dietary precursors, choline and betaine, in heart failure (HF). Methods and Results: In 112 patients with chronic systolic HF with comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation, we measured plasma TMAO, choline, and betaine by mass spectrometry. Median (interquartile range) TMAO levels, choline, and betaine levels were 5.8 (3.6–12.1) μmol/L, 10.9 (8.4–14.0) μmol/L, and 43.8 (37.1–53.0) μmol/L, respectively, and were correlated with each other (all P < .0001 for both). TMAO levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus (9.4 [4.9–13.2] vs 4.8 [3.4–9.8] μmol/L; P = .005) and in subjects with New York Heart Association functional class III or greater (7.0 [4.7–14.8] vs 4.7 [3.4–11.3] μmol/L; P = .02). Elevated TMAO, choline, and betaine levels were each associated with higher plasma N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and more advanced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, but not systolic dysfunction or inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers. Higher choline (hazard ratio [HR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.22–2.20; P = .001), betaine (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.10–2.08; P = .01), and TMAO (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.10–1.96; P = .01) predicted increased risk for 5-year adverse clinical events (death/transplantation). Only higher TMAO levels predicted incident adverse clinical events independently from age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, mitral E/septal Ea, and NT-proBNP levels (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03–2.14; P = .03). Conclusion: Elevated plasma TMAO, choline, and betaine levels are each associated with more advanced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and portend poorer long-term adverse clinical outcomes in chronic systolic HF. However, only higher plasma TMAO was associated with poor prognosis after adjustment for cardiorenal indices.
Repository Citation
Tang, W.H. Wilson; Wang, Zeneng; Shrestha, Kevin; Borowski, Allen G.; Wu, Yuping; Troughton, Richard W.; Klein, Allan L.; and Hazen, Stanley L., "Intestinal Microbiota-Dependent Phosphatidylcholine Metabolites, Diastolic Dysfunction, and Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure" (2015). Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications. 203.
https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/scimath_facpub/203
DOI
10.1016/j.cardfail.2014.11.006
Version
Postprint
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Volume
21
Issue
2
Comments
National Institutes of Health grants P01HL076491, P01HL103453, P01HL098055, R01HL103866 (with Office of Dietary Supplements), R01HL103931, and P20HL113452 and the Cleveland Clinic Clinical Research Unit of the Case Western Reserve University CTSA (UL1TR 000439).